Gukoresha ibikoresho bya fiberglass yibikoresho mumodoka namakamyo

Ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bikoreshwa mu binyabiziga birimo plastiki, reberi, kashe ya kashe, ibikoresho byo guterana, imyenda, ibirahure, nibindi bikoresho. Ibi bikoresho birimo inganda zitandukanye nka peteroli, inganda zoroheje, imyenda, nibikoresho byubaka. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bitari ibyuma mumodoka ni ikigaragaza combined imbaraga zubukungu nikoranabuhanga, kandi ikubiyemo kandi uburyo butandukanye bwiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukoresha mubikorwa bijyanye.

Kugeza ubu, ibirahuri bya fibre byongeyeibikoresho byingirakamaro bikoreshwa mubinyabiziga birimo fibre fibre yongerewe imbaraga ya termoplastike (QFRTP), materi ya fibre fibre yongerewe imbaraga za termoplastike (GMT), ibumba ryerekana impapuro (SMC), ibikoresho byo kubitsa (RTM), nibicuruzwa byakozwe na FRP.

Fibre nyamukuru yibirahureced plastike ikoreshwa mumamodoka kuri ubu ni fibre fibre yongerewe imbaraga ya polypropilene (PP), fibre fibre ikomeza polyamide 66 (PA66) cyangwa PA6, kandi ku rugero ruto, ibikoresho bya PBT na PPO.

Ibicuruzwa byongerewe imbaraga bya PP (polypropilene) bifite ubukana bukomeye kandi bukomeye, kandi imiterere yubukanishi irashobora kunozwa inshuro nyinshi, ndetse inshuro nyinshi. PP ishimangirwa ikoreshwa mubice such nk'ibikoresho byo mu biro, urugero nko mu ntebe ndende-y'abana n'intebe zo mu biro; ikoreshwa kandi mubikoresho bya axial na centrifugal mubikoresho bya firigo nka firigo na konderasi.

Ibikoresho byongerewe imbaraga PA (polyamide) bimaze gukoreshwa haba mumodoka zitwara abagenzi nubucuruzi, mubisanzwe mugukora ibice bito bikora. Ingero zirimo ibifuniko byo gukingira imibiri ifunze, ibiti byubwishingizi, utubuto dushyizwemo, pedal trottle, abashinzwe guhinduranya ibikoresho, hamwe nugukingura. Niba ibikoresho byatoranijwe nu ruganda rugizwe nibidahindukaubuziranenge, uburyo bwo gukora ntibukwiye, cyangwa ibikoresho ntabwo byumye neza, birashobora gutuma havunika ibice bidakomeye mubicuruzwa.

Hamwe nimodokainganda za otive zigenda zikenera ibikoresho byoroheje kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, inganda z’imodoka zo mu mahanga zishingiye cyane cyane ku gukoresha ibikoresho bya GMT (ibirahuri by'ibirahure bya termo-plastike) kugira ngo bikemure ibice byubaka. Ibi biterwa ahanini nubukomere buhebuje bwa GMT, uburyo bwo kubumba bugufi, umusaruro mwinshi, amafaranga make yo gutunganya, hamwe na kamere idahumanya, bigatuma iba kimwe mubikoresho byo mu kinyejana cya 21. GMT ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora imitwe myinshi, imirongo yimyenda, amakadiri yintebe, abashinzwe moteri, hamwe na batiri mumodoka zitwara abagenzi. Kurugero, Audi A6 na A4 kuri ubu byakozwe na FAW-Volkswagen bakoresha ibikoresho bya GMT, ariko ntibigeze bagera ku musaruro waho.

Gutezimbere ubuziranenge bwimodoka kugirango ufate urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere, no kubigerahoe kugabanya ibiro, kugabanya kunyeganyega, no kugabanya urusaku, ibice byo murugo byakoze ubushakashatsi kubyerekeranye nigikorwa cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya GMT. Bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane ibikoresho bya GMT, kandi hubatswe umurongo utanga umusaruro wa toni 3000 yumwaka wa GMT wubatswe i Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Abakora amamodoka yo murugo nabo bakoresha ibikoresho bya GMT mugushushanya moderi zimwe na zimwe kandi batangiye gukora ibizamini.

Urupapuro rwerekana impapuro (SMC) ni fibre yingenzi yikirahure ikomeza plastike ya termosetting. Bitewe nibikorwa byayo byiza, ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugera kuri A-urwego rwo hejuru, rwakoreshejwe cyane mumodoka. Kuri, i Porogaramuibikoresho bya SMC byo mumahanga munganda zimodoka byateye imbere. Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya SMC mumamodoka riri mumibiri yumubiri, bingana na 70% yimikoreshereze ya SMC. Iterambere ryihuse riri mubice byubaka nibice byohereza. Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa rya SMC mu binyabiziga riziyongeraho 22% rikagera kuri 71%, mu gihe mu zindi nganda, izamuka rizaba 13% kugeza 35%.

Porogaramus hamwe niterambere

1.Ibirahure byuzuye ibirahuri fibre ishimangirwa impapuro zishushanya (SMC) ziragenda zikoreshwa mubice byimodoka. Yerekanwe bwa mbere mubice byubatswe kuri moderi ebyiri za Ford (E.xplorer na Ranger) mu 1995. Bitewe nuburyo bukora, bifatwa nkaho bifite ibyiza mubishushanyo mbonera, biganisha ku gukoreshwa kwinshi mu bikoresho by’imodoka, sisitemu yo kuyobora, sisitemu ya radiator, hamwe na sisitemu y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

Utwugarizo two hejuru no hepfo twakozwe na sosiyete y'Abanyamerika Bud ikoresha ibikoresho byinshi birimo fibre y'ibirahure 40% muri polyester idahagije. Ibice bibiri byimbere-impera yujuje ibyifuzo byabakoresha, hamwe nimpera yimbere ya kabine yo hepfo irambuye imbere. Hejuru bracket yashyizwe kumurongo wimbere hamwe nimiterere yimbere yumubiri, mugihe utwugariro two hepfo dukora hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Utu dusimba tubiri turahuzwa kandi tugafatanya nigitereko cyimodoka nuburyo bwimibiri kugirango uhagarike impera yimbere.

2. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bito bito (SMC) ibikoresho: Ubucucike buke SMC ifite uburemere bwihariyey ya 1.3, hamwe nibikorwa bifatika hamwe nibizamini byagaragaje ko byoroshye 30% kurenza SMC isanzwe, ifite uburemere bwihariye bwa 1.9. Gukoresha ubu bucucike buke SMC irashobora kugabanya uburemere bwibice hafi 45% ugereranije nibice bisa bikozwe mubyuma. Imbere yimbere hamwe nigisenge gishya cyimbere ya moderi ya Corvette '99 na General Motors muri USA ikozwe muri SMC ifite ubucucike buke. Byongeye kandi, ubucucike buke SMC ikoreshwa no mumiryango yimodoka, moteri ya moteri, hamwe nipfundikizo.

3. Ibindi bikorwa bya SMC mumodoka, birenze imikoreshereze mishya yavuzwe haruguru, harimo umusaruro wa variotwe ibindi bice. Harimo inzugi za cab, ibisenge byaka hejuru, skeleti ya bamperi, inzugi zimizigo, iyerekwa ryizuba, imbaho ​​zumubiri, imiyoboro itwara amazi yo hejuru, imirongo yimodoka yimodoka, hamwe nagasanduku yamakamyo, muribwo ikoreshwa cyane riri mumibiri yumubiri. Ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’imbere mu gihugu, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa, SMC yemejwe bwa mbere mu modoka zitwara abagenzi, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice by’amapine asanzwe hamwe na skeleti ya bumper. Kugeza ubu, irakoreshwa no mubinyabiziga byubucuruzi kubice nka plaque yicyumba cya stut, ibigega byo kwaguka, imirongo yihuta yumurongo, ibice binini / bito, inteko zifata ikirere, nibindi byinshi.

GFRP IbikoreshoAmababi yamashanyarazi

Uburyo bwa Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) burimo gukanda resin muburyo bufunze burimo fibre yibirahure, hanyuma bigakizwa no gukira ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyangwa ubushyuhe. Ugereranije n'urupapuro Molding Uburyo bwo Guteranya (SMC), RTM itanga ibikoresho byoroshye byo gukora, igiciro gito, hamwe nibintu byiza byumubiri byibicuruzwa, ariko birakwiriye gusa kubicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse. Kugeza ubu, ibice byimodoka byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa RTM mumahanga byongerewe umubiri wose. Ibinyuranye, mu gihugu imbere mu Bushinwa, tekinoroji ya RTM yo gukora ibice by’imodoka iracyari mu majyambere n’ubushakashatsi, iharanira kugera ku musaruro w’ibicuruzwa bisa n’amahanga mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo, gukiza igihe, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Ibice by'imodoka byateje imbere kandi bigakorerwa ubushakashatsi imbere mu gihugu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa RTM harimo ibirahuri by'ibirahure, umurizo winyuma, diffuzeri, ibisenge, ibisasu, n'inzugi zo guterura inyuma y'imodoka ya Fukang.

Ariko, nigute ushobora kwihuta kandi neza uburyo bwa RTM kumodoka, requigusubiramo ibikoresho byuburyo bwibicuruzwa, urwego rwibikorwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho, hamwe no kugera ku ntera ya A-ni ibibazo biteye impungenge mu nganda z’imodoka. Ibi kandi nibisabwa kugirango RTM ikwirakwizwe cyane mugukora ibice byimodoka.

Kuki FRP

Urebye kubakora ibinyabiziga, FRP (Fibre Reinforced Plastics) ugereranije na othibikoresho, ni ibintu byiza cyane byubundi buryo. Gufata SMC / BMC (Urupapuro rwerekana impapuro / Urupapuro rwinshi)

Kuzigama ibiro
* Kwishyira hamwe
* Shushanya ibintu byoroshye
* Igishoro kiri hasi cyane
* Korohereza guhuza sisitemu ya antenne
* Iterambere rinini (coefficient nkeya yo kwagura umurongo wumuriro, ugereranije nicyuma)
* Ikomeza imikorere yubukanishi mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Bihujwe na E-coating (gushushanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki)

Abashoferi b'amakamyo bazi neza ko kurwanya ikirere, bizwi kandi nko gukurura, byahoze ari ngombwa aamakamyo. Umwanya munini w'imbere w'amakamyo, chassis ndende, hamwe na romoruki ifite ubunini buke bituma bashobora kwibasirwa cyane n'umwuka.

Kurwanyakurwanya ikirere, byanze bikunze byongera umutwaro wa moteri, umuvuduko mwinshi, niko urwanya. Umutwaro wiyongereye kubera kurwanya ikirere biganisha ku gukoresha peteroli nyinshi. Kugirango ugabanye umuyaga uhura namakamyo bityo ugabanye gukoresha lisansi, injeniyeri zahinduye ubwonko. Usibye gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera bya aerodynamic kuri kabine, ibikoresho byinshi byongeweho kugirango bigabanye guhangana nikirere kumurongo hamwe nigice cyinyuma cyimodoka. Nibihe bikoresho bigamije kugabanya guhangana n’umuyaga ku makamyo?

Igisenge / Kuruhande

Igisenge hamwe n’uruhande rwabigenewe byakozwe mbere na mbere kugirango birinde umuyaga gukubita mu buryo butaziguye agasanduku k’imizigo kameze nka kare, kayobora igice kinini cy’ikirere kugira ngo gitembera neza kandi kizengurutse ibice byo hejuru no ku mpande za romoruki, aho kugira ngo bigire ingaruka imbere y’imbere inziraer, itera kurwanywa gukomeye. Inguni ikwiye kandi ihinduwe neza irashobora kugabanya cyane guhangana na trailer.

Imyenda yimodoka

Amajipo yo ku ruhande ku kinyabiziga akora kugirango yorohereze impande za chassis, ayihuza nta nkomyi n'umubiri w'imodoka. Zipfundikira ibintu nkibigega bya gaze byashyizwe ku ruhande hamwe n’ibigega bya lisansi, bikagabanya aho berekeza imbere y’umuyaga, bityo bikorohereza urujya n'uruza rwinshi bitarinze guteza imvururu.

Umwanya mutor

Bumper irambura hasi igabanya umwuka winjira munsi yikinyabiziga, gifasha mukugabanya ubukana buterwa no guterana amagambo hagati ya chassis naumwuka. Byongeye kandi, bumpers zimwe zifite umwobo uyobora ntizigabanya gusa guhangana n’umuyaga ahubwo inayobora umwuka werekeza ku ngoma ya feri cyangwa disiki ya feri, bifasha mu gukonjesha sisitemu yo gufata feri.

Agasanduku k'imizigo kuruhande

Gutandukana kumpande yisanduku yimizigo bitwikiriye igice cyiziga kandi bigabanya intera iri hagati yimitwaro nubutaka. Igishushanyo kigabanya umwuka winjira uturutse kumpande munsi yikinyabiziga. Kuberako bitwikiriye igice cyinziga, ziriya deflectors kandi igabanya imivurungano iterwa no guhuza amapine nikirere.

Inyuma yinyuma

Yagenewe guhungabanyat ikirere cyumuyaga inyuma, cyorohereza umwuka, bityo bikagabanya gukurura indege.

None, ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora deflector hamwe nigifuniko ku makamyo? Nkurikije ibyo nakusanyije, mumasoko arushanwe cyane, fiberglass (izwi kandi nka plastiki ishimangirwa ibirahuri cyangwa GRP) itoneshwa kubera uburemere bwayo bworoshye, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ruswa, na reliability mubindi bintu.

Fiberglass nigikoresho gikomatanya gikoresha fibre yibirahure nibicuruzwa byabo (nk'igitambaro cya fibre fibre, matel, umugozi, nibindi) nkibishimangira, hamwe na resinike ya sintetike ikora nkibikoresho bya matrix.

Fiberglass Deflectors / Covers

Uburayi bwatangiye gukoresha fiberglass mu modoka guhera mu 1955, hamwe n'ibigeragezo ku mibiri y'icyitegererezo ya STM-II. Mu 1970, Ubuyapani bwakoresheje fiberglass mu gukora ibipfukisho byo gushushanya ibiziga by'imodoka, naho mu 1971 Suzuki akora ibipfukisho bya moteri na fenders biva muri fiberglass. Mu myaka ya za 1950, Ubwongereza bwatangiye gukoresha fiberglass, busimbuza kabine yabanjirije ibyuma-ibiti, nkibiri muri Ford S21 n'imodoka zifite ibiziga bitatu, byazanye uburyo bushya rwose kandi budakomeye kubinyabiziga by'icyo gihe.

Imbere mu Bushinwa, mababikora bakoze imirimo myinshi mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga bya fiberglass. Kurugero, FAW yateje imbere moteri ya fiberglass igifuniko hamwe nizuru ryizuru, flip-top kabine hakiri kare. Kugeza ubu, gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya fiberglass mu gikamyo giciriritse kandi kiremereye mu Bushinwa birakwiriye cyane, harimo na moteri ndendeibifuniko, bumpers, ibipfukisho byimbere, igisenge cyinzu, amajipo yuruhande, hamwe na deflector. Uruganda ruzwi cyane mu gihugu rukora deflectors, Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ibi birabigaragaza. Ndetse na bimwe mu binini binini byo kuryama mu makamyo yo muri Amerika yamamaye yizuru bikozwe muri fiberglass.

Umucyo woroshye, imbaraga-nyinshi, ruswa-birwanya, bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka

Bitewe nigiciro cyayo gito, umusaruro muke, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo gushushanya, ibikoresho bya fiberglass bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byo gukora amakamyo. Kurugero, mumyaka mike ishize, amakamyo yo murugo yari afite igishushanyo kimwe kandi gikomeye, hamwe nimiterere yinyuma yihariye ntabwo yari isanzwe. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryimihanda yo murugo, niyiheh yashishikarije cyane ubwikorezi burebure, ingorane zo gukora kabine yihariye igaragara mubyuma byose, igiciro cyinshi cyo gushushanya, hamwe nibibazo nka ingese no kumeneka mubyuma byinshi byasuditswe byatumye abayikora benshi bahitamo fiberglass kubipfundikizo by'inzu.

Kugeza ubu, amakamyo menshi akoresha fiibikoresho bya berglass kubipfukisho byimbere na bumpers.

Fiberglass irangwa nuburemere bwayo nimbaraga nyinshi, hamwe nubucucike buri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.0. Ibi ni hafi kimwe cya kane kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatanu cyubucucike bwibyuma bya karubone ndetse biri munsi yubwa aluminium. Ugereranije nicyuma cya 08F, fiberglass ya 2,5mm ifite aimbaraga zingana na 1mm ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, fiberglass irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bukurikije ibikenewe, itanga ubunyangamugayo muri rusange nibikorwa byiza. Iremera guhitamo byoroshye uburyo bwo kubumba ukurikije imiterere, intego, nubunini bwibicuruzwa. Inzira yo kubumba iroroshye, akenshi isaba intambwe imwe gusa, kandi ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Irashobora kurwanya ikirere, amazi, hamwe nibisanzwe bya acide, ibishingwe, nu munyu. Kubwibyo, amakamyo menshi muri iki gihe akoresha ibikoresho bya fiberglass kubitereko byimbere, ibipfukisho byimbere, amajipo yuruhande, hamwe na deflector.