Ibikoresho bitari iby'icyuma bikoreshwa mu modoka birimo pulasitiki, kabutike, ibifunga by'ubudodo, ibikoresho byo gukurura, imyenda, ibirahure n'ibindi bikoresho. Ibi bikoresho bikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye nka peteroli, inganda z'urumuri, imyenda, n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bitari iby'icyuma mu modoka ni ishusho y'ukoimbaraga z’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga, kandi bikubiyemo kandi ubushobozi butandukanye bwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ikoreshwa ryaryo mu nganda zifitanye isano.
Kuri ubu, umugozi w'ibirahuriIbikoresho bivanze bikoreshwa mu modoka birimo thermoplastics z’ibirahure zikomejwe (QFRTP), thermoplastics z’ibirahure zikomejwe (GMT), sheet molding compounds (SMC), resin transfer molding materials (RTM), n’ibicuruzwa bya FRP byashyizwe mu ntoki.
Ikirahure cy'ingenzi cya fibre reinforPlasitiki zikoreshwa mu modoka muri iki gihe ni polypropylene y’ibirahure ikoreshwa mu byuma (PP), polyamide y’ibirahure ikoreshwa mu byuma (PA66) cyangwa PA6, ndetse no mu rugero ruto, ibikoresho bya PBT na PPO.
Ibikoresho bya PP (polypropylene) bikomejwe bifite ubukana n'ubukomere bwinshi, kandi imiterere yabyo ishobora kunozwa inshuro nyinshi, ndetse n'inshuro nyinshi. PP ikomejwe ikoreshwa mu duceUrugero, ibikoresho byo mu biro, urugero nk'intebe z'abana ndende zo mu mugongo n'intebe zo mu biro; ikoreshwa kandi mu byuma bikonjesha birimo ibyuma bikonjesha nka firigo n'ibyuma bikonjesha.
Ibikoresho bya PA (polyamide) bikoreshwa mu modoka zitwara abagenzi n'iz'ubucuruzi, akenshi bikoreshwa mu gukora ibice bito bikora neza. Urugero, harimo ibipfukisho birinda ingufuri, ubwishingizi, imbuto zishyirwamo, pedali zo kugosora, ibyuma bikingira ibikoresho, n'imifatabuguzi. Niba ibikoresho byatoranijwe n'uruganda rukora ibice bidakomeye.ubuziranenge, inzira yo gukora idakwiye, cyangwa ibikoresho bitarumye neza, bishobora gutuma ibice by'ibicuruzwa bidakomeye bicika.
Hamwe n'imodokaKubera ko inganda zikomeje gukenera ibikoresho byoroheje kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, inganda z’imodoka zo mu mahanga zirimo kwishingikiriza cyane ku gukoresha ibikoresho bya GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) kugira ngo zihuze n’ibikenewe mu byuma. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’ubukomere bwiza bwa GMT, igihe gito cyo gukora, umusaruro mwinshi, ikiguzi gito cyo gutunganya, no kudahumanya ibidukikije, bigatuma iba imwe mu bikoresho byo mu kinyejana cya 21. GMT ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora udukingirizo tw’ibikoresho byinshi, udukingirizo tw’amadashboard, intebe, abarinzi ba moteri, n’udukingirizo twa bateri mu modoka zitwara abagenzi. Urugero, Audi A6 na A4 bikorwa na FAW-Volkswagen ubu bikoresha ibikoresho bya GMT, ariko ntibigeze bigerwaho mu buryo busanzwe.
Kunoza ireme ry'imodoka muri rusange kugira ngo zijyane n'urwego mpuzamahanga rwo hejuru, kandi zigere kuMu rwego rwo kugabanya ibiro, kugabanya imitingito, no kugabanya urusaku, amatsinda yo mu ngo yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no gukora no gutunganya ibikoresho bya GMT. Bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bya GMT ku bwinshi, kandi umurongo w’umusaruro utanga toni 3000 z’ibikoresho bya GMT wubatswe i Jiangyin, Jiangsu buri mwaka. Abakora imodoka zo mu ngo nabo bakoresha ibikoresho bya GMT mu gushushanya bimwe mu bikoresho kandi batangiye gukora igerageza ry’ibicuruzwa.
Ifu yo gushushanya sheet molding (SMC) ni pulasitiki y'ingenzi ikoreshwa mu gushyushya thermosetting ikoresheje fibre y'ikirahure. Bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ku rwego runini, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kugera ku buso bwa A-grade, imaze gukoreshwa cyane mu modoka. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa ryaIbikoresho bya SMC byo mu mahanga mu nganda z’imodoka byateye imbere. Ikoreshwa rya SMC mu modoka rigaragara cyane mu bice by’umubiri, ringana na 70% by’ikoreshwa rya SMC. Iterambere ryihuse riri mu bice by’imiterere n’ibice by’ingufu. Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, ikoreshwa rya SMC mu modoka ryitezwe kwiyongeraho 22% kugeza kuri 71%, mu gihe mu zindi nganda, iterambere rizaba riri hagati ya 13% na 35%.
Imiterere y'ikoreshwan'Iterambere ry'Iterambere
1. Ingano y'ibirahure ifite fibre reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) irimo gukoreshwa cyane mu bice by'imiterere y'imodoka. Yagaragaye bwa mbere mu bice by'imiterere y'imodoka ku bwoko bubiri bwa Ford (E).xplorer na Ranger) mu 1995. Bitewe n'imikorere yayo myinshi, ifatwa nk'ifite akamaro mu miterere y'inyubako, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu madirishya y'imodoka, sisitemu yo kuyobora imodoka, sisitemu za radiator, na sisitemu z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Uduce two hejuru n'utwo hasi twakozwe na sosiyete y'Abanyamerika Budd dukoresha ibikoresho bivanze birimo fibre y'ikirahure ya 40% muri polyester idafunze. Iyi miterere y'imbere ifite ibice bibiri ihuye n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, aho igice cy'imbere cy'akabati ko hasi kigenda gitera imbere. Igice cyo hejuru cy'akabatiAgasanduku gashyirwa ku gisenge cy'imbere n'imiterere y'umubiri w'imbere, mu gihe agasanduku ko hasi gakorana na sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Utu dusanduku tubiri dufatanye kandi dukorana n'igisenge cy'imodoka n'imiterere y'umubiri kugira ngo impera y'imbere ihamye.
2. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo gushushanya impapuro zifite ubucucike buke (SMC): SMC ifite ubucucike buke ifite ubunini bwihariyey ya 1.3, kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika n'ibizamini byagaragaje ko yoroshye kuri 30% ugereranyije na SMC isanzwe, ifite uburemere bwihariye bwa 1.9. Gukoresha iyi SMC ifite ubucucike buke bishobora kugabanya uburemere bw'ibice ku kigero cya 45% ugereranije n'ibice bisa byakozwe mu cyuma. Imbere hose hamwe n'imbere hashya y'igisenge cya Corvette '99 cyakozwe na General Motors muri Amerika bikozwe muri SMC ifite ubucucike buke. Byongeye kandi, SMC ifite ubucucike buke ikoreshwa no mu nzugi z'imodoka, mu byuma bipfundikiye moteri, no mu bipfundikizo by'imodoka.
3. Izindi porogaramu za SMC mu modoka, zirenze izo twavuze haruguru, zirimo gukora ubwoko butandukanye bw'imodokaIbindi bice bya Amerika. Ibi birimo inzugi za kabine, ibisenge by'inzugi bihumeka, ibisenge by'imodoka, inzugi z'imizigo, ibisunika izuba, ibisenge by'umubiri, imiyoboro y'amazi yo ku gisenge, ibice byo ku ruhande rw'imodoka, n'amasanduku y'amakamyo, muri byo ikoreshwa cyane ni mu bice byo hanze by'umubiri. Ku bijyanye n'uko ibintu bimeze mu gihugu, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa, SMC yatangiye gukoreshwa mu modoka zitwara abagenzi, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice by'amapine n'ibice by'imodoka. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa no mu modoka z'ubucuruzi ku bice nk'ibifuniko by'icyumba, ibigega byo kwagura, ibifunga by'umuvuduko w'umurongo, ibice binini/bito, assemblies z'imyenda ijyana umwuka, n'ibindi.
Ibikoresho bya GFRPIsoko ry'Ibibabi by'Imodoka
Uburyo bwo Guhindura Resin (RTM) bukoresha gukanda resin mu ibumba rifunze ririmo imigozi y'ikirahure, hanyuma igakira ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba cyangwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe. Ugereranije na Sheet MoldiUburyo bwa ng Compound (SMC), RTM itanga ibikoresho byoroshye byo gukora, ibiciro byo kugabanya ifu, n'imiterere myiza y'ibicuruzwa, ariko ikwiriye gusa mu bikorwa biciriritse n'ibiciriritse. Kuri ubu, ibice by'imodoka bikorerwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa RTM mu mahanga byaguwe kugeza ku bipfukisho by'umubiri wose. Mu buryo bunyuranye, mu gihugu cy'Ubushinwa, ikoranabuhanga rya RTM ryo gukora ibice by'imodoka riracyari mu cyiciro cyo guteza imbere no gukora ubushakashatsi, riharanira kugera ku rwego rwo gukora ibicuruzwa bisa byo mu mahanga mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo, igihe cyo kubikora, n'ibipimo by'ibicuruzwa birangizwa. Ibice by'imodoka byakozwe kandi bigakorerwa ubushakashatsi mu gihugu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa RTM birimo ibirahuri by'imbere, indorerwamo z'inyuma, ibisenge, amabampa, n'inzugi zo guterura inyuma z'imodoka za Fukang.
Ariko, uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa vuba kandi neza inzira ya RTM ku modoka, ibisabwaIbikoresho byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, urwego rw'imikorere y'ibikoresho, amahame ngenderwaho yo gusuzuma, no kugera ku buso bwa A-grade ni ibibazo bihangayikishije mu nganda z'imodoka. Ibi ni nabyo bisabwa kugira ngo RTM ikoreshwe cyane mu gukora ibice by'imodoka.
Impamvu FRP
Ukurikije uko abakora imodoka babibona, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastiki) ugereranije n'abandiIbikoresho, ni ikindi gikoresho gikurura cyane. Dufashe urugero rwa SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) nk'urugero:
* Kugabanya ibiro
* Guhuza ibice
* Ubworoherane mu gushushanya
* Ishoramari rigabanuka cyane
* Yorohereza guhuza sisitemu za antene
* Uburimbane bw'ibipimo (igipimo gito cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe buri ku murongo, kigereranywa n'icyuma)
* Ikomeza gukora neza mu buryo bwa mekanike mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi
Bijyanye na e-coating (gushushanya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga)
Abashoferi b'amakamyo bazi neza ko ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuyaga, buzwi kandi nka "drag", bwagiye bugira ingaruka zikomeye kuamakamyo afite imiterere y’ubugari. Igice kinini cy’imbere cy’amakamyo, chassis ndende, na trailer zifite ishusho ya kare bituma zihura n’ubudahangarwa bw’umwuka.
Kugira ngo turwanyeUbudahangarwa bw'ikirere, butuma moteri yongera umutwaro wayo, uko umuvuduko wayo wihuta, niko ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere burushaho kwiyongera. Ubwiyongere bw'umutwaro buterwa no kudahangarwa n'ikirere butuma ikoreshwa rya lisansi rirushaho kwiyongera. Kugira ngo amakamyo agabanye ubudahangarwa bw'umuyaga bityo ikoreshwa rya lisansi rigabanye, injeniyeri zakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi mu bwonko. Uretse gukoresha imiterere y'ikirere mu kazu, hongewemo ibikoresho byinshi kugira ngo bigabanye ubudahangarwa bw'umwuka ku gitereko no ku gice cy'inyuma cy'ikamyo. Ni ibihe bikoresho byagenewe kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umuyaga ku makamyo?
Ibikoresho byo Kugarura Imbere ku Gisenge/Ku Rubavu
Ibisenge n'ibice bihindura ikirere ku ruhande bigamije cyane cyane gukumira umuyaga ku buryo butaziguye ku gasanduku k'imizigo gafite ishusho kare, bigaha umwuka mwinshi uburyo bwo gutembera neza hejuru no ku mpande z'ikaravani, aho kugira ngo bihure imbere y'inzira.er, bitera uburinzi bukomeye. Ibyuma bihindura imiterere y'inguni neza kandi bifite uburebure bungana neza bishobora kugabanya cyane uburinzi buterwa n'igare.
Amajipo yo ku ruhande rw'imodoka
Udupira two ku ruhande rw'imodoka dufasha gutunganya impande za chassis, tukayihuza neza n'umubiri w'imodoka. Dutwikira ibintu nk'ibigega bya lisansi byo ku ruhande n'ibigega bya lisansi, bigagabanya ubuso bwabyo bw'imbere buhura n'umuyaga, bityo bigafasha umwuka kugenda neza nta guhindagurika kw'ikirere.
Bumpe iri hasir
Bumper imanuka igabanya umwuka winjira munsi y'ikinyabiziga, ibi bikaba bifasha mu kugabanya ubukana buterwa no gukururana hagati ya chassis naumwuka. Byongeye kandi, amabampara amwe afite imyobo iyobora imodoka ntabwo agabanya gusa umuyaga udashobora guhangana n'umuyaga ahubwo anayobora umwuka ugana ku ngoma za feri cyangwa disiki za feri, bigafasha mu gukonjesha sisitemu yo gufunga imodoka.
Ibikoresho byo Kurekura Imizigo ku Ruti rw'Imodoka
Uduce two ku ruhande rw'agasanduku k'imizigo dutwikira igice cy'amapine kandi tugagabanya intera iri hagati y'aho imizigo iherereye n'ubutaka. Iyi miterere igabanya umwuka winjira uturutse munsi y'ikinyabiziga. Kubera ko dutwikira igice cy'amapine, ibi bigabanya umwuka.kandi bigabanya umuvuduko uterwa n'imikoranire hagati y'amapine n'umwuka.
Imashini yo Guhindura Inyuma
Byagenewe gusenyaKu miyoboro y'umwuka iri inyuma, byoroshya uburyo umwuka utembera, bityo bigabanye imbaraga z'ikirere.
None se, ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka no gupfuka amakamyo? Mu byo nakusanyije, ku isoko rihanganye cyane, fiberglass (izwi kandi nka pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu kirombe cyangwa GRP) ikundwa cyane kubera ko yoroshye, ikomeye, idakira ingese, kandi ikanakoresha ruburenganzira mu yindi mitungo.
Fiberglass ni ibikoresho bivanze bikoresha insinga z'ibirahure n'ibicuruzwa byazo (nk'igitambaro cy'ibirahure, umukandara, ubudodo, nibindi) nk'inkunga, hamwe na resin y'ubukorikori ikora nk'ibikoresho bya matrix.
Ibikoresho byo Gukuraho Ibirahuri by'Indorerwamo/Ibipfukisho
Uburayi bwatangiye gukoresha fiberglass mu modoka kuva mu 1955, bugerageza ku bikoresho bya STM-II. Mu 1970, Ubuyapani bwakoresheje fiberglass mu gukora ibifuniko by'imitako by'amapine y'imodoka, naho mu 1971 Suzuki yakoraga ibifuniko bya moteri n'ibitambaro bya fender muri fiberglass. Mu myaka ya 1950, Ubwongereza bwatangiye gukoresha fiberglass, busimbura amazu ya kera y'ibyuma n'ibiti, nk'ayo muri Ford S21 n'imodoka zifite amapine atatu, byazanye imiterere mishya kandi idakomeye ku modoka zo muri icyo gihe.
Mu gihugu imbere mu Bushinwa, bamwe mAbakora ibikoresho bya fiberglass bakoze akazi kanini mu guteza imbere imiyoboro y’imodoka za fiberglass. Urugero, FAW yashoboye gukora ibifuniko bya moteri za fiberglass n’utuzuru duto, dufite izuru rinini, duhinduka hejuru hakiri kare cyane. Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa rya fiberglass mu makamyo aciriritse n’aremereye mu Bushinwa rirakwirakwiriye cyane, harimo na moteri ifite izuru rirerire.Ibipfukisho, amabampa, ibipfukisho by'imbere, ibipfukisho by'igisenge cy'inzu, amajipo yo ku ruhande, n'ibipfukisho. Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ikigo kizwi cyane mu nganda zikora ibipfukisho byo mu rugo, ni cyo gitanga urugero rwiza. Ndetse na zimwe mu nzu nini zihenze zo kuraramo mu makamyo maremare y'Abanyamerika zizwi cyane zikozwe muri fiberglass.
Yoroheje, ikomeye cyane, yangiritse-zidapfa, zikoreshwa cyane mu modoka
Bitewe n'uko ihendutse, ikorwa mu gihe gito, kandi ikaba ihindagurika cyane mu miterere yayo, ibikoresho bya fiberglass bikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwinshi bwo gukora amakamyo. Urugero, mu myaka mike ishize, amakamyo yo mu ngo yari afite imiterere itoroshye kandi ikomeye, hamwe n'imiterere yihariye yo hanze itari isanzwe. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'imihanda yo mu ngo, ikabah yashishikarije cyane ubwikorezi bw'imodoka ndende, ingorane zo gukora isura yihariye y'inzu y'ubugeni uhereye ku byuma byose, ibiciro byo gushushanya ibihumyo biri hejuru, hamwe n'ibibazo nk'ingese n'amazi mu nyubako zivanze n'ibice byinshi byatumye abakora inganda benshi bahitamo fiberglass yo gupfuka ibisenge by'inzu.
Muri iki gihe, amakamyo menshi akoresha fiIbikoresho bya Berglass byo gutwikira imbere n'ibipfundikizo by'imbere.
Fibreglass irangwa n'uburemere bwayo bworoheje n'imbaraga nyinshi, ifite ubucucike buri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.0. Ibi ni kimwe cya kane kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatanu cy'ubucucike bw'icyuma cya karuboni ndetse ni munsi y'icyuma cya aluminiyumu. Ugereranyije n'icyuma cya 08F, fiberglass ifite ubugari bwa mm 2.5 ifiteImbaraga zingana na mm 1 y'ubugari bw'icyuma. Byongeye kandi, fiberglass ishobora gutegurwa mu buryo bworoshye hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye, igatanga ubuziranenge bwiza muri rusange no gukora neza cyane. Ituma habaho guhitamo uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya hashingiwe ku miterere, intego, n'ingano y'igicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo gushushanya ni ubworoshye, akenshi busaba intambwe imwe gusa, kandi ibikoresho bifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika. Ishobora kurwanya ikirere, amazi, n'ubwinshi busanzwe bwa aside, bases, n'umunyu. Kubwibyo, amakamyo menshi muri iki gihe akoresha ibikoresho bya fiberglass ku mabumpers y'imbere, amapfundo y'imbere, amajipo yo ku ruhande, n'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-02-2024
